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附件檔是我所找到的其中一篇,我節錄了其中一段下來,有興趣的可以看看7 d9 t7 n! e, _9 _, ~- C" H
Laser trimming can be used to optimize the performance of bandgap voltage references, but it is a costly procedure. As a result, layouts on both BJTs and resistors should be well planned and designed so that consistent performance can be maintained with minimum need of trimming in mass productions. Better matching can be achieved by a common-centroid layout [6], [7]. In Fig. 4(a), there shows two matched BJTs in a ratio of 1:8 as shown. In the figure, N = 8 is chosen and all BJTs are placed closely. N, in fact, can be 24, 48 or even 80 as these integers can be used to obtain common-centroid structures. However, a large value of N is not preferred as the separation of devices increases, and this will introduce more errors. Moreover, as shown in (l), there is no significant increase on the ln(w fimction when N increases.
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) E" F+ A% x' i7 R至於另外一篇有探討到emitter area=10*10um^2的BJT的比較,因為年代有點久,我還得再找找,我印象中有幾組不同size的比較,至於有沒有比較出10*10比20*20甚或50*50的值,我不敢說有或者沒有
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, C" f3 @! w0 U9 c- j' x* m& M再回答一下問題( S( z8 {8 P$ f
在我作過的Bandgap circuit中,曾下過UMC和MXIC以及Charter,在作post-sim時,抽完LPE的BJT參數和沒抽之前是一樣的,而這表示其實製程廠對於在CMOS製程裡對於BJT並沒有辦法作太多的寄生效應出來,所以所抽出來的LPE才沒有太多的參數,故而製程廠所提供的SPICE Model準不準就變成是一個很重要的課題了
6 G& Z/ V! I3 ~! i+ Y再者,在CMOS製程裡,主要元件為MOSFET,理所當然在MOSFET所抽出來的寄生效應會比較多參數可供參考,如果是在BiCMOS製程,我想BJT所抽出來的LPE參數應該會多很多吧: p3 V8 q. @6 v/ V8 J. @( X% _
/ q3 h( R# g- y9 d- Z1 V+ O最後,我曾和製程工程師以及一些資深電路設計者談過,在CMOS製程裡作出BJT,那是一種近似的BJT,而在Bandgap circuit中,我們要用的是BJT對溫度的變化,而不是BJT的電流特性,故而在設計Bandgap circuit中,所在意的是溫度與電壓變化對於Bandgap voltage所造成的影響有多少,所以,在SPICE Model中的BJT,主要看其溫度係數變化參數而不在意其電流增益,所以,很多BJT參數是可以被忽略不計的 |
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